System for designing and performing web application

ABSTRACT

When an application server for performing a Web application is developed, a framework describing each of the modules of data, a logic, and a screen is provided. To attain this, the input contents of a Web page are converted into a data object, the combination of the type of the data object and a command is mapped in each process routine using a first foreign definition file, a process routine to be executed is determined from among prepared process logics based on the type of the data object, the command, and the first foreign definition file, and the combination of an execution result of the process logic and the type of the displaying data object is mapped in the displaying component using a second foreign definition file. These files are provided in the application server.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a Divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/456,636, filed Jul. 11, 2006, which is a Divisional of U.S. Pat. No.7,099,060, issued Aug. 29, 2006, which claims priority to JapaneseApplication No. 2000-246139, filed Aug. 15, 2000 and JapaneseApplication No. 2000-347977, filed Nov. 15, 2000, the entire contents ofall of which are incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to the technology of improving theefficiency and maintenance in developing business application softwarefor processing a key job of a company.

2. Description of the Related Art

In a business application such as a data entry system, work flow system,etc., the data managed by a database server 12 is manipulated by aclient 13 through an application server 11 shown in FIG. 1. Recently,these business applications have been realized as Web applications.

Conventionally, various attempts have been made to develop theapplication server 11 for controlling a Web browser. A typical exampleis the application server 11 using Servlet and JSP (Java Server Pages).

The application server 11 using Servlet is realized by describing anHTML (HyperText Markup Language) 21 for prescription of a screendisplay, screen data 22, a logic 23 (handling an input on a screen,checking input data, processing data, transmitting data to the databaseserver 12, etc.) as one module as shown in FIG. 2.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 3, the application server 11 using the JSPcan be realized by describing screen data 32 stored in an object namedJava Bean (Java and Java Beans are registered trademarks of SunMicrosystems Incorporated) and a module including an HTML 31 and a logic33, or describing a module including an HTML 31′ and a Java Bean objectstoring screen data 32′ and logic 33′.

Since a large volume of data is normally processed in a businessapplication, the application server 11 is realized by describing data(screen data), a logic, a screen (HTML, etc.) separately in a moduleunit at a request to re-use each module. However, as shown in FIGS. 2and 3, it has been difficult to separate these modules in theapplication server 11 according to the conventional technology such asthe Servlet, the JSP, etc.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To solve the above mentioned problems, the present invention aims atimproving the development efficiency and the maintenance of a Webapplication by providing a framework capable of separately describingdata, a logic, a screen in a module unit when an application server forexecuting a Web application is to be developed.

To attain the above mentioned object, the present invention divides aWeb application into an HTML with a custom tag, a data object, and alogic, performs a mapping process between the HTML with the custom tagand the logic using a mapping file, and uses a data object fortransmission and reception of data between them.

According to an aspect of the present invention, the system includes: aninput contents conversion unit for converting the input contents of aWeb page into a data object; a process logic including a plurality ofprocess routines; a first foreign definition file for mapping thecombination of the type of the data object and a command on each of theplurality of process routines; a process routine determination unit fordetermining a process routine to be performed among the process routinesin the process logic according to the type of the data object and thecommand, and the first foreign definition file; and a second foreigndefinition file for mapping the combination of the process result of theprocess logic and the type of the data object on a display component.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the systemincludes: a data object obtaining unit having data to be provided for aclient and obtaining a data object indicating the data structure of thedata for installing an interface; a unit for obtaining a definitionstatement for defining a method of displaying data of the data object ona Web page screen; and a unit for generating a document expressing a Webpage screen on which the data is displayed by associating the data ofthe data object with the definition statement based on the interfaceinstalled in the data object.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, the systemincludes: a unit for generating a character string which is a processlogic by which the contents of a process is defined, and indicates thename of the predetermined process logic; and a unit for generating adocument for invoking the process logic using the character string andhaving the client perform the process of invoking and performing theprocess logic when an event matching a predetermined performingcondition of the process logic occurs.

With the configuration, the association among the document dataprescribing the screen display, the data object, and the logicprescribing the contents of the process becomes loose, thereby improvingthe development efficiency and the maintenance.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will be more apparent from the following detaileddescription when the accompanying drawings are referenced.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a business application;

FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the system of an application serverusing Servlet;

FIG. 3 shows the configuration of the system of an application serverusing the JSP;

FIG. 4 shows the outline of the present invention;

FIG. 5 shows the configuration according to the principle of the presentinvention;

FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the system according to the firstembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 shows the practical operation of the system according to thefirst embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 shows the outline of the configuration and the operation (fromreceiving a request from a client to processing it) of the system of theapplication shown in FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 shows the outline of the configuration and the operation (up toreturning a response to a client) of the system of the application shownin FIG. 7;

FIG. 10A shows the first example of a command mapping;

FIG. 10B shows the second example of a command mapping;

FIG. 10C shows an example of a page mapping;

FIG. 11 shows the description portion for conversion of the request datafrom a client into inputting Java Bean in the description examples of aprogram on the data input HTML page;

FIG. 12 shows an example of a description of the program descriptionportion for determination of the process of a logic to be performedthrough a command mapping;

FIG. 13 shows the description portion for a user logic setting adisplaying data object in the program descriptions of displaying JavaBean;

FIG. 14 shows an example of a description of a program descriptionportion for determination of a page to be displayed through a pagemapping;

FIG. 15 shows an example of a description of a program descriptionportion for output of a display screen from the JSP;

FIG. 16 shows a template for arrangement of a plurality of display partson the display screen;

FIG. 17 shows the configuration (1) of the second embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 18 shows the configuration (2) of the second embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 19 shows the outline of the operation (from receiving an XML fileto process it) of the system for processing an XML file;

FIG. 20 shows the outline of the operation (up to returning a processresult after receiving an XML file) of the system for processing an XMLfile;

FIG. 21A shows the scope of objects forming the system according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 21B shows the correspondence among the objects;

FIG. 22A shows the process of a request from a client;

FIG. 22B shows the installation of SingleThreadModel;

FIG. 23A shows practical installation of SingleThreadModel;

FIG. 23B shows an example of a description of a program descriptionportion for installation of SingleThreadModel;

FIG. 24 shows the sequence when a request of a client is processed;

FIG. 25A shows the system of making a call back from the handler of alogic to a browser in a common application server;

FIG. 25B shows an example of a description of a program for using thesystem of making a call back from the handler of a logic to a browser ina common application server;

FIG. 26A shows the system of issuing a request from the handler of alogic to a browser in a common application server according to thepresent invention;

FIG. 26B shows a first example of describing a program for using thesystem of issuing a request from the handler of a logic to a browser inan application server according to the present invention;

FIG. 26C shows a second example of describing a program for using thesystem of issuing a request from the handler of a logic to a browser inan application server according to the present invention;

FIG. 27 shows the configuration of the system according to the thirdembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 28 shows an example of declaring a table model interface;

FIG. 29 shows the system of generating an HTML sentence according to athird embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 30 is a flowchart (1) of the controlling process when data isdisplayed;

FIG. 31 is a flowchart (2) of the controlling process when data isdisplayed;

FIGS. 32A and 32B are flowcharts (3) of the controlling process whendata is displayed;

FIGS. 33A, 33B, and 33C show renderer element tags of <name>;

FIG. 34 shows an example of defining a renderer using a renderer elementtag of <name>;

FIG. 35 is a flowchart of a storage area managing process;

FIG. 36 shows the outline of the operation when a request is issued inthe system shown in FIG. 27;

FIGS. 37A and 37B are flowcharts of the controlling process when arequest is issued;

FIG. 38 shows an example of a client/server system according to a thirdembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 39 shows the system of generating an HTML sentence according to afourth embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 40 shows the configuration of an object used in the fourthembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 41 shows the outline of a contents converting process;

FIG. 42 is a flowchart (1) of the contents of the converting process;

FIG. 43 is a flowchart (2) of the contents of the converting process;

FIG. 44 shows an example of describing a script when a process script isseparately prepared;

FIG. 45 shows an example of defining a process script for checking thesmallest number of characters in a character string;

FIG. 46 shows an example of describing a script when a plurality ofactions correspond to the same event;

FIG. 47 shows an example of describing a script when an event occurswith a container tag;

FIG. 48 shows the configuration of each process engine of a server and aclient used in a system for realizing each embodiment of the presentinvention; and

FIG. 49 shows the process of providing a software program, etc.according to the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 4 shows the outline of the present invention. An application serverwhich is UJI for embodying the present invention comprises threemodules, that is, an HTML 101 for prescribing a screen display, a screendata 102, and a logic 103. Any HTML 101 can be acceptable if it canprescribe a screen display.

FIG. 5 shows the configuration according to the principle of the presentinvention. An inputting JSP 201 and a displaying JSP 202 correspond tothe HTML 101 shown in FIG. 4. An inputting Java Bean 203 and adisplaying Java Bean 204 correspond to a screen data 102 shown in FIG.4. A user logic 205 corresponds to a logic 103 shown in FIG. 4. Theinputting JSP 201 has the function of assigning a screen to data. Thedisplaying JSP 202 has the function of displaying data on the screen. AUJI engine 206 converts the screen data of the inputting JSP 201 into adata object such as, Java Bean, etc. ((1), (5), (6)). That is, thescreen data of the inputting JSP 201 is converted into the inputtingJava Bean 203. The user logic 205 comprises a plurality of processroutines. The UJI engine 206 determines an appropriate process routinebased on the type of the data object (inputting Java Bean 203), acommand, and a foreign mapping file 207 ((5), (6), (7)). The user logic205 processes the inputting Java Bean 203 which is a data object usingthe determined process routine ((2)), and outputs it as the displayingJava Bean 204 ((3)). The displaying Java Bean 204 is converted by theUJI engine 206 into the screen data for the displaying JSP 202 ((4),(5), (6)). The displaying Java Bean 204 retrieves the combination of theprocess result and the type of the displaying Java Bean which is a dataobject from the mapping file 207, and determines the component parts tobe displayed on the screen. Thus, the present invention has theconfiguration in which a data object exists between an HTML prescribingthe screen and a logic, thereby loosely connecting the screen to thelogic.

FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the system according to the firstembodiment of the present invention. A request 301 from a client isreceived by a front component 302. The request data contained in therequest 301 is automatically analyzed by a UJI engine 304, and inputtingJava Bean 303 which is a data object is automatically generated. The UJIengine 304 refers to a command mapping 305, and determines the processin a user logic 307 based on the type of the data object generated fromthe request data and a command. The user logic 307 reads the generateddata object, performs a process depending on the determination, and setsdisplaying Java Bean 309 as a process result. The UJI engine 304 refersto a page mapping 306, and determines a displaying JSP 310, that is, ascreen representation, from the displaying Java Bean 309. The displayingJSP 310 includes a template 308 for prescription of a page layout, anddisplay parts are arranged based on the template 308.

FIG. 6 shows the configuration of the system according to the firstembodiment of the present invention, and shows the outline of theoperations. The practical operations of the system according to thefirst embodiment of the present invention are described below byreferring to FIG. 7. FIG. 7 shows the Web application names ‘destinationnotice board’ indicating where the user is. A user list display screen401 displaying a list of users, a user status edit screen 402 for editof the status of users, a profile edit screen 403 for edit of probabledestinations of a user, and a user registration screen 404 forregistration of a new user are displayed of the client system by the Webbrowser. If a login button 405 is pressed (clicked) when the user listdisplay screen 401 is displayed, then the screen is switched into theuser status edit screen 402. If a user registration button 406 ispressed when the user list display screen 401 is displayed, then thescreen is switched into the user registration screen 404. Similarly, ifeach button on each of the screens 402 through 404 is pressed, then thescreen is switched as indicated by the arrow shown in FIG. 7. At thistime, each of the login button 405, the user registration button 406, achange button 407, a logout button 408, etc. corresponds to a command torequest the system to perform a process.

In addition, when a user ‘Matsuzuka’ requests to add the status ‘meetingroom’ in addition to the three statuses ‘working at his or her owndesk’, ‘on business trip’, and ‘paid holiday’, a profile edit button 409is pressed on the user status edit screen 402. Then, the screen displayis switched into the profile edit screen 403. If the user inputs, forexample, ‘meeting room’ in the column ‘addition’, and presses a changebutton 410, then a profile edit screen is displayed with a new statusadded.

FIGS. 8 and 9 shows the configuration of the system of the applicationshown in FIG. 7 and the outline of the operations.

FIG. 8 shows the outline of the operations from the reception of arequest from a client to the completion of the process. A user listdisplay screen 501, a user status edit screen 502, a profile edit screen503, and user registration screen 504 displayed on the Web browsercorrespond to the respective screens shown in FIG. 7. When commands suchas login, user registration, profile edit, logout, change, useraddition, cancel, etc. are transmitted on each of the screens to a UJI506 (indicated by an arrow in solid lines), each screen data isautomatically converted into Java Bean 505 which is a data object(indicated by an arrow in broken lines). The UJI 506 refers to a commandmapping 507 (described later), and selects a process to be dispatched tobased on the combination of the transmitted command and the type of thedata object from among the processes 508 through 512. Then, it passesthe data object to the selected process. When the data object is passed,the data object is processed based on the contents of the selectedprocess.

FIG. 9 shows the outline of the operations performed after the processof the data object is completed until a response is returned to theclient. When each process is completed, Java bean 601 is generated as aprocess result. The UJI 506 refers to a page mapping 602 (describedlater), and a page to be displayed based on the combination of theprocess result (success, failure, completion, etc.) and the generatedJava bean 601 is determined from among the pages 501 through 504. TheJava bean 601 is passed to the page to be displayed, and a new page isdisplayed based on it.

FIGS. 10A and 10B show an example of a command mapping, and FIG. 10Cshows an example of a page mapping. The command mapping comprises atable containing the information about the type of input data object,the type of command, and a process to be performed. The page mappingcomprises a table containing the information about the type of outputdata object, a process result, and a screen to be displayed.

As shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, a process to be dispatched to can bedetermined by the combination of the type of input data object and acommand. FIG. 10A shows the command mapping when the types of input dataobjects are the same, and the types of commands are different. In FIG.10A, when the type of input data object is ‘user status’, and the typeof command is ‘profile edit’, it is determined that the process isdispatched to the profile changing process. FIG. 10B shows the commandmapping when the types of input data objects are different, and thetypes of commands are the same. As shown in FIG. 7, a ‘change’ commandis used on various screens. However, although the commands are the same,the processes to be dispatched to when commands are issued aredifferent. If a ‘change’ command is issued on the user status editscreen 402 shown in FIG. 7, then the process is to be dispatched to theuser status changing process. If a ‘change’ command is issued on theprofile edit screen 403, then the process is to be dispatched to theprofile changing process. In the command mapping shown in FIG. 10B, theprocess is dispatched to the user status changing process when the typeof input data object is ‘user status’ and a ‘change’ command is issued.If the type of input data object is ‘profile edit’, and a ‘change’command is issued, then it is prescribed that the process is dispatchedto the profile editing process. Since a process to be dispatched to isdetermined based on the combination of the type of input data object anda command according to the command mapping of the present invention, theprocess to be dispatched to can be appropriately selected from the typeof input data object although the commands are the same.

Additionally, by referring to the page mapping shown in FIG. 10C, ascreen to be displayed can be determined by the combination of the typeof output data object and a process result. Also in the page mapping, asin the command mapping, the screen can be determined by the combinationof the type of output data object and a process result. Therefore,although process results are the same, a screen to be displayed can beappropriately selected from the type of output data object.

The command mapping and the page mapping are foreign definition files,and can be freely designed by a developer. With the configuration, thedevelopment flexibility can be efficiently improved.

The operations of the entire system according to the first embodiment ofthe present invention have been described above. The correlation amongthe operations is practically described below.

FIG. 11 shows the description portion for conversion of the request datafrom a client in the examples of the program descriptions on the datainputting HTML page into inputting Java Bean (between 301 and 303 shownin FIG. 6). By the description, when data is input to a data inputtingHTML page 801, a data object inputting Java Bean 802 having the classname ((1) shown in FIG. 11) corresponding to the specific item(LoginBean) of the data inputting HTML page 801 and the name of eachinput column as the property ((2) and (2)′ shown in FIG. 11) isgenerated.

FIG. 12 shows an example of the description of the program descriptionportion for determination (between 305 and 307 shown in FIG. 6) of theprocess of a logic to be executed using the command mapping. In acommand mapping 902, the combination of the class name (LoginBean)corresponding to the specific item of a data inputting HTML 901 and thename of a pressed button (submit) is mapped as a method of a user logic903 (handler). Thus, for example, when a login button is pressed on thedata inputting HTML page 901, the login method of the user logic 903 isexecuted ((1) shown in FIG. 12). Similarly, when a password changebutton is pressed on the data inputting HTML page 901, thechangePassword method of the user logic 903 is used ((2) shown in FIG.12).

FIG. 13 shows the description portion for setting (between 307 and 309shown in FIG. 6) a displaying data object for the user logic in theexamples of program descriptions of the displaying Java Bean. A userlogic (handler) 1001 performs a process using a database 1002, etc., andsets a process result and the value for which the process result is tobe displayed as a displaying data object (Java Bean) 1003.

FIG. 14 shows an example of a description of the program descriptionportion for determination (between 309 and 310 shown in FIG. 6) of apage to be displayed through a page mapping. In a page mapping 1102, thecombination of a process result set by a class name (UserBean) and auser logic (handler) is mapped on the view to be displayed (the JSP inthis case). Thus, when the process result set for a displaying Java Bean1101 is, for example, succeeded, a login-succeeded.jsp 1103 is selected((1) shown in FIG. 14), and is combined with the template 308 shown inFIG. 6 to determine a display screen. Similarly, when the process resultset for the displaying Java Bean 1101 is failed, a login-failed.jsp 1104is selected ((2) shown in FIG. 14), and is combined with the template308 shown in FIG. 6 to determine a display screen.

FIG. 15 shows an example of a description of the program portion foroutput (310 shown in FIG. 6) of a display screen from the JSP. Adisplaying JSP 1201 obtains data from displaying Java Bean 1202 using adata obtaining tag, and outputs the obtained data as an output HTML1203.

FIG. 16 shows the template (between 308 and 310 shown in FIG. 6) forarrangement of a plurality of display parts on a display screen. A userlogic (handler) 1301 can set a plurality of displaying Java Beans. Forexample, as shown in FIG. 16, when a banner Java Bean 1302, a menu JavaBean 1303, and a contents Java Bean 1304 are set by the user logic(handler) 1301, the JSP corresponding to each Java Bean obtains datafrom each Java Bean, and generates each display screen. Since a displayposition is prescribed for each JSP in a template 1305, each of thegenerated display screen is arranged according to the template 1305, andan output HTML 1306 is output.

As described above, in the system according to the first embodiment ofthe present invention, an HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) request isprocessed after being converted into a data object, and the data objectobtained as a process result is converted into a response, and isreturned to a client. Described below is the system according to thesecond embodiment of the present invention in which an XML (eXtensibleMarkup Language) file is processed by a similar system. FIGS. 17 and 18show the configuration of the system.

FIG. 17 shows the process performed by a logic (handler) on an XML filewhen an application server receives the XML file. FIG. 18 shows theprocesses completely performed by the logic (handler) on the XML filesand the response returned to the client.

First, in FIG. 17, when the server receives an XML instance 1401, theXML is processed by an XML data binding engine 1404 to generate a dataobject (Bean instance 1405). At this time, the type of object can bespecified from the XML instance 1401. Therefore, XMLs of different typescan be processed by the same engine. In this embodiment, the type ofobject can be specified using an XML mapping file (described later, butnot shown in the attached drawings). In addition, an UJI engine 1403determines a process (method) to be used by a logic (handler) accordingto the tag of the XML.

In FIG. 18, a logic (handler) 1501 generates a transmitting data object(Bean instance 1502) as in the case of the HTTP request. It is convertedinto an XML by the XML data binding engine 1404 to output a transmittingXML 1503.

The XML data binding engine 1404 for generating a data object is invokedby a “Factory class” in Java. Therefore, a plurality of binding enginescan be flexibly operated by preparing a factory class for each type ofbinding engine.

FIGS. 19 and 20 show the outline of the operations of the system shownin FIGS. 17 and 18. FIG. 19 shows an application server receiving an XMLfile, and the process performed by a logic (handler) corresponding toFIG. 17. FIG. 20 shows the completion of the process by the logic andthe return of a response to a client corresponding to FIG. 18.

In FIG. 19, when XML files such as an order slip 1601, a delivery slip1602, etc. are transmitted to an application server (indicated by anarrow in solid lines), each piece of screen data is automaticallyconverted into a Java Bean 1605 which is a data object (indicated by anarrow in dotted lines). In UJI 1603, the type of object of an XMLinstance is specified using an XML map file 1606. Then, a data objectcorresponding to the XML received by an XML data binding engine 1604 isgenerated. In addition, the UJI 1603 selects a process to be dispatchedto from among processes 1608, 1609, 1610, etc. based on the tag of theXML and a command mapping 1607. The data object is passed to theselected process. When the data object is passed, the data object isprocessed based on the contents of the selected process.

When the process terminates, Java Bean 1701 which is a process result ispassed to the UJI 1603. The Java Bean 1701 is converted by the XML databinding engine 1604 into a transmitting XML instance 1702.

Since a received XML is first converted by the XML data binding engineinto a data object, and is then passed to a logic (handler) in thesystem according to the second embodiment of the present invention, amethod of the same logic (handler) as the logic (handler) of the systemaccording to the first embodiment of the present invention can be usedwhen the process at the HTTP request is performed.

The system configuration and the system operation according to the firstand second embodiments of the present invention are described above indetail. Described below are the operations of the system common betweenthese embodiments.

Objects forming the system according to the present invention can beclassified into four stages of time scopes, that is, systems,applications, sessions, and requests, based on the relative positions onthe time axis of each process. As shown in FIG. 21A, a system 1801exists in a system and has a scope from the activation of an applicationserver to the termination of the server. An application 1802 exists ineach application in the system and has a scope from the start to the endof the application. A session 1803 exists in each client and has a scopefrom the connection to the disconnection (or a time-out) of a client. Arequest 1804 exists in each request from a client and has a scope fromthe process of a request from a client to the return of a response. FIG.21B shows the correspondence among these objects. The system 1801contains a plurality of applications 1802, and there is a session 1803from a plurality of clients connected to the application 1802. A requestfrom a client is processed in a handler 1805 provided in advance. Therequest 1804 shown in FIG. 21A corresponds to each thread when eachobject shown in FIG. 21B is executed.

Thus, by assigning stepwise time scopes to the objects forming a system,the process can be performed with an object having a larger scopedispatched into an object having a smaller scope when a request from aclient is processed. That is, as shown in FIG. 22A, when a request istransmitted from a client to a front component 1901, a dispatcher 1902existing in each system dispatches a process to a correspondingapplication 1903. Furthermore, the application 1903 dispatches theprocess to a session 1904 corresponding to the client which hastransmitted the request, and the session 1904 dispatches the process toa handler 1905 corresponding to the request.

In the system according to the present invention, a request from aclient is processed after being dispatched from a larger scope to asmaller scope. Therefore, the following effects can be obtained witheach object of the application, the session, and the handler possiblyextended or defined by a user. (In the system according to the presentembodiment, the application 1903 and the session 1904 are installed asbeing possibly extended by a user for each object, and the frontcomponent 1901, a displaying page 1906, the handler 1905, a command map1909, a page map 1910, ResponseBean 1908, and RequestBean 1911 areinstalled as being possibly defined by a user.)

When an interface referred to as SingleThreadModel 1912 is installed foran object possibly extended or defined by a user (FIG. 22B), theoperation of the object is limited to the maximum of 1 thread. Using thefunction, the operation of each scope can be thread-safe, that is, thedata process such as simultaneous data editing processes, etc. can beprevented from being simultaneously performed. This process can bereferred to as a ‘single thread operation restriction’. In the abovementioned ‘destination notice board’ application (FIG. 7), a user changeand a profile edit relate to the same data. Therefore, the operation isto be set thread-safe. In this case, each object can be installed asshown in FIG. 23A. That is, the SingleThreadModel interface is installedfor a handler 2004 containing the method: user change 2007 and a method:profile edit 2008. In this case, a method: login process 2005, a method:logout process 2006, and a method: user registration do not have to beset thread-safe. Therefore, handlers 2004′ and 2004″ are not providedwith the SingleThreadModel interface. Similarly, in a session and anapplication, the SingleThreadModel interface is to be installed when athread-safe state is required (2002′, 2003′). The description forinstallation of an interface is shown in FIG. 23B. FIG. 23B shows thesession 2003′ provided with the SingleThreadModel interface.

Furthermore, an application, a session, and a handler object, which areuser-extended or user-defined objects, can be provided with apreprocessor or a postprocessor interface. As a result, a process can beadded before or after the actual process of each object. That is, asshown in the sequence shown in FIG. 24, the preprocessor ((1) shown inFIG. 24) and the postprocessor ((3) shown in 24) of the actual process(handler method) ((2) shown in FIG. 24) of the request of the client canbe added. Similarly, the preprocessor ((4) shown in FIG. 24) and thepostprocessor ((6) shown in FIG. 24) can be added to the session ((5)shown in FIG. 24), and the preprocessor ((7) shown in FIG. 24) and thepostprocessor ((9) shown in FIG. 24) can be added to the application((8) shown in FIG. 24).

Using the function, in the preprocessor ((1) shown in FIG. 24), forexample, it is possible to provide a check routine to skip the processof the handler method by determining in advance by state managementbefore the actual process ((2) shown in FIG. 24) of the handler methodof the logic. In addition, the postprocessor ((3) shown in FIG. 24) canbe provided with an error handling for recovery from an error when anerror occurs in the preprocessor ((1) shown in FIG. 24) or in the actualprocess ((2) shown in FIG. 24). They can also be used in describing acommon postprocessor although no error has occurs. Similarly, for eachsession, a common preprocessor and postprocessor can be described forone client, and a common preprocessor and postprocessor can be describedfor a plurality of clients in an application. Each of the preprocessorand the postprocessor can be separately installed for an object of eachscope, thereby possibly performing a controlling process in detail.

As described above, with the operation of the system according to thepresent invention, an effect of flexibly performing a pre-determiningprocess and an error recovery process can be obtained by realizing athread-safe operation or adding a preprocessor and a postprocessor to aprocess in each scope.

Described below is the system of issuing a request from a handler of alogic to a browser in an application server according to the presentinvention.

In a Web application, for example, a request for a process A can betransmitted from a client, the user (client) is inquired whether theprocess A is to be continued because any event has occurred, and it isdetermined based on the answer whether the process A is continued oranother process is performed. Thus, when the user (client) is inquiredduring the process, and the process is performed based on the result ofthe inquiry, the sequence as shown in FIG. 25A is followed in a commonWeb application. When a request for the process A ((1) shown in FIG.25A) is transmitted to a server, the server receives the request, andthe handler 1 starts performing the process. Then, although the processA has not been completed, the user is inquired whether or not theprocess A is to be continued ((2) shown in FIG. 25A). For example, ascreen 2701 is displayed for the client. The user returns ‘yes’ or ‘no’as an answer ((3) shown in FIG. 25A). Based on the answer, the handler 2starts performing the process.

Thus, in a common Web application, the process of the handler may besuspended although the process A has not been completed. In addition,when the answer from the user is ‘yes’, ‘no’, etc., it is necessary todefine the mapping for an intermediate process for prescribing thecorrespondence between an inquiry and an answer ('yes' and ‘no’).

According to the system of the present invention, a system of issuing arequest from a handler of a logic in an application server to a browseris adopted, thereby successfully improving the common Web applicationsystem.

As shown in FIG. 26A, according to the system of the present invention,a thread buffer object (synchronizer) is provided before invoking ahandler to monitor the operation of the handler. When the request ((1)shown in FIG. 26A) for the process A is transmitted to the server, thesynchronizer in the server receives the request and passes it to thehandler 1 ((2) shown in FIG. 26A), thereby activating the handler 1 andstarting the process. If the user is inquired whether or not the processA is to be continued although the process A has not been completed, thehandler 1 invokes the method for making a call back to the client ((3)shown in FIG. 26A). The synchronizer returns the method of the handleras a return value to the browser (client) ((4) shown in FIG. 26A). Forexample, a screen 2201 is displayed for the client. The user returns ananswer with ‘yes’ or ‘no’ ((5) shown in FIG. 26A). The answer isreceived by the synchronizer, and passed to the handler 1 ((6) shown inFIG. 26A). Then, the handler 1 continues the process A. Thus, theprocess of the handler is not suspended by providing the thread bufferobject. In describing a program for realizing a server, as shown in FIG.25B in a common Web application, it is necessary to describe the handler1 and the handler 2 for receiving an event for a return value from thehandler 1. On the other hand, according to the present invention, theycan be described in a conditional dispatch statement in one handler asshown in FIGS. 26B and 26C, thereby successfully simplifying thedescription of a program.

In the above mentioned embodiment of the present invention, the inputfrom a client is HTTP, XML, etc. However, any request from a client isacceptable. In the above mentioned embodiments of the present invention,a request from a client is converted into a data object ‘Java Bean’, butother data objects are acceptable.

In the invention relating to the above mentioned embodiments, an inputfrom a client is converted into a data object and is then processed, anda data object obtained as the conversion result is converted into aresponse to the client, and is then transmitted. In addition, theprocesses in the server are classified into time scopes to perform eachprocess after dispatching it from a larger scope to a smaller scope.

Described below is a further embodiment of the present invention.

The embodiment explained below has been realized to improve thedevelopment efficiency and maintenance of a Web application byseparately installing the definition (view) of a screen and the dataembedded on the screen when an application server for performing the Webapplication is developed.

In this embodiment, the display unit in the Web application is preparedseparately as a display data object and a definition (view) of a screen.At this time, the display data object includes display data, and isgenerated as an interface indicating a data structure (the datastructure is referred to as a ‘model’ in the present embodiment) such asa table structure, a tree structure, etc., and a structure classincluding the display data. The definition of a view is described usingthe JSP (Java Server Pages) in this embodiment (the definition of a viewcan also be an HTML simply).

When the display data object and the definition of a view are performedin a server, an HTML sentence is generated by the execution enginecorresponding to the above mentioned interface to assign the displaydata to a predetermined position on the screen. When the HTML sentenceis transmitted to the client, the Web browser of the client displays acorresponding screen.

The embodiment to be described below is referred to as the ‘thirdembodiment’ to distinguish it from the above mentioned embodiments.

The configuration shown in FIG. 27 is described below. FIG. 27 shows theconfiguration of the system according to the third embodiment of thepresent invention.

A model object 3001 holds data which is obtained from a back end such asa database, etc. provided on the server side, and is displayed for aclient. It also holds the data transmitted from a client to be passed toa back end, and is provided with a model interface 3002 described later.The model object 3001 can be separated into a displaying model object3001 a and an inputting model object 3001 b, and can also be provided asa single displaying/inputting model object 3001.

The model interface 3002 is an interface indicating the structure of aspecific model, and can be prepared depending on the target datastructure, that is, an interface for a table model for a tablestructure, an interface for a tree model for a tree structure, etc.

A framework engine 3003 retrieves the data stored in the displayingmodel object 3001 a through the model interface 3002 provided in thedisplaying model object 3001 a, and generates an HTML sentence accordingto the definition of a displaying JSP 3004. It also analyzes the datainput to a browser 3005, and passes it to the inputting model object3001 b.

The displaying JSP 3004 defines the view of the screen when display datais represented by the HTML, and is described by the JSP using a uniquetag.

The browser 3005 is provided for a client to display a screen accordingto the HTML generated by the framework engine 3003 based on thedefinition of the displaying JSP 3004.

A front component 3006 accepts a request from the browser 3005, andpasses it to the framework engine 3003. For example, it uses a JSPcomponent or Servlet, but can be anything only if it can invoke theframework engine 3003 depending on the received contents.

The model interface 3002 shown in FIG. 27 is described further in detailby referring to the table model interface indicating a model of a tablestructure.

FIG. 28 shows an example of declaring a table model interface. In thisexample, the table model interface is defined by methods roughlyclassified into a data obtaining method, a data class obtaining method,and a data substituting method (for back end).

These methods are described furthermore in detail as a method forobtaining the number of columns on a table (getColumnCount), a methodfor obtaining the number of rows on a table (getRowCount) and a methodfor obtaining data of each cell on a table (getValueAt) for use in thedefinition shown in FIG. 28.

As a method for obtaining a data class, a method (getColumnClass andgetRowClass) for obtaining a character string specifying the ‘class’defined for each of the rows and columns is used in the definition shownin FIG. 28. The ‘class’ is used to define the format of the displaymethod (for example, the display position, the size of a font, etc.) forthe data about columns or rows, and indicates the attribute ‘cls’ of arenderer tag described later.

The method (setValueAt) for substitution of data is invoked by a modelupdating process (described later) corresponding to the table model topass the contents (the values of the cells and the positions of thecells on the table) of the request from the client to the back end inthe data format depending on the data structure indicated by the tablemodel.

The generation of a HTML sentence according to the third embodiment ofthe present invention is described below by referring to FIG. 29. FIG.29 shows that the framework engine 3003 generates an HTML sentence (C)based on the JSP source (B) corresponding to the displaying JSP 3004 ifthe framework engine 3003 for a table model shown in FIG. 27 is providedwith the displaying model object 3001 a (A) for realizing a table modelinterface for which the declaration shown in FIG. 28 is made. For easierexplanation, each of the rows (B) and (C) starts with the row number.

Described below is the (B) JSP source shown in FIG. 29.

In (B) shown in FIG. 29, the first row specifies the correspondencebetween the JSP source and the model object (A).

The first row is described below furthermore in detail. That is, ‘id= .. . ’ specifies the name when a corresponding model object is referredto in the JSP source, and ‘cls= . . . ’ specifies the class name of amodel object corresponding to the JSP source.

In the first row, ‘request= . . . ’ specifies the duration of the modelobject (A) in the framework engine 3003. This is based on the case inwhich the generated HTML sentence (C) is transmitted to a client toallow the browser 3005 to display a screen, and then the requestcorresponding to the model object is returned from the client. That is,when true is specified, the model object (A) is stored in the storagearea in the framework engine 3003 even after the HTML sentence has beengenerated so that the contents of the above mentioned request can beimmediately substituted for the model object. On the other hand, isfalse is specified, the model object (A) is not stored in the storagearea in the framework engine 3003 after the HTML sentence has beengenerated.

In and after the second row of (B) shown in FIG. 29, the view of thescreen for display of a table model is defined using a tag.

The view is described using a view tag. A start tag of a view tag for atable model is shown in the second row (<uomf:table>), and renderers forsome tables are described between the second row and the end tag(</uomf:table>) of the view tag for a table model in the eighteenth row.

The renderer defines the display method used in displaying data at aspecified display position. In the description in the third throughseventeenth rows of (B), five definitions (a) through (e) of renderersare made for table models. These definitions of the table renderers arebriefly described as follows. (a) is used to generate a table tag(<table> and </table>). (b) is used to define the display system of arow on a table. (c) is used to define the display system of a normalcolumn on a table. (d) is used to define the display system of a cell(header cell) in which the header of each column is contained on atable. (e) is used to define the display system of a cell in which datacan be input (data can be updated) on a table.

Each renderer has a start tag (<uomf:tableRenderer>) of a renderer tagfor a table model in the first row, and the corresponding end tag(</uomf:tableRenderer>) is described in the last row. The description inthe rows between the start tag and the end tag of the renderer tagdefines the display method of data. Each element forming part of thedefinition about the data display method is referred to as a rendererelement.

A renderer tag specifies ‘type’ and ‘cls’. They specify the position onthe screen for display in a display method defined by a renderer. Thespecified contents are designated in advance by the type of model.

‘Type’ specifies one of a table (entire table), a row, and a columnwhich specify the position of the table on which data is displayed inthe display method defined by the renderer.

‘Cls’ can be specified (or it may not be specified) when the abovementioned ‘type’ when the above mentioned ‘type’ is specified for therow or the column in a table model according to the present embodiment.It relates to both methods getRowClass and getColumnClass in the exampleof the declaration (shown in FIG. 28) of the above mentioned table modelinterface. For example, when a column is to be displayed, thegetColumnClass method of a table model interface is invoked. Then, thedefinition of the renderer of a view is referred to, and the definitionof the display method in the renderer whose ‘type’ is column, and whichcorresponds to the return value of the method in which the ‘cls’ isinvoked is used to generate an HTML sentence as a display method fordisplay of a column. If there is no return value (null) of the invokedmethod, the definition of the display method about a renderer for whichno ‘cls’ is specified is used for generation.

For the ‘cls’, a header or an editable is practically specified in atable model according to the present embodiment.

The definition of the display method in a renderer is described using atag of a well-known HTML into which a special tag ‘renderer element tag’is introduced. In (B) shown in FIG. 29, <uomf:children> and <uomf:value>are renderer element tags. The <uomf:children> allows the frameworkengine to perform the operation of developing the definition of thedisplay method in another renderer at the position of the tag. The<uomf:value> allows the framework engine to perform the operation ofdisplaying a value (display data) obtained from the model interface atthe position of the tag.

The more detailed operations of these tags are prescribed in advance bythe type of model. In the table model according to the presentembodiment, <uomf:children> prescribes that the display system definedby the renderer (renderer specifying a row for ‘type’) about a row isdeveloped and inserted at the position if the tag appears when thespecification of ‘type’ in the renderer tag is table (entire table). Itprescribes that the display system defined by the renderer (rendererspecifying a column for ‘type’) about a column is developed and insertedat the position if the tag appears when the specification of ‘type’ inthe renderer tag is table (entire table). The <uomf:value> is availableonly in the renderer specifying a column for ‘type’. it is prescribedthat the value obtained in the getValueAt method used in an example ofthe declaration of a table model interface (shown in FIG. 28) isinserted in the position.

The operation of generating a HTML sentence of (C) by a framework engineis described below by referring to FIG. 29.

First, the framework engine recognizes that the model object of (A) isprovided with a table model interface, and activates the frameworkengine for a table model. Then, both getColumnCount and getRowCountmethods of the table model interface are invoked, and the number ofcolumns and the number of rows of the table to be displayed arerecognized. As a result, it is recognized that the table of 3 rows×3columns is displayed.

Then, in the JSP source of (B), the definition of the table renderer of(a) specifying a table for ‘type’ is first referenced, and the first rowof the HTML sentence of (C) is generated.

Since a renderer element tag <uomf:children> is described in thedefinition (fourth row of (B)) of the table renderer of (a), and therenderer tag (in the third row of (B)) of (a) specifies a table for‘type’, the definition of the table renderer for a row, that is, thetable renderer of (b) in the JSP source of (B), is developed, and thesecond row of the HTML sentence of (C) is generated.

Since a renderer element tag <uomf:children> is described in thedefinition (in the seventh row of (B)) of the table renderer of (b), anda row is specified for ‘type’ in the renderer tag (in the sixth row of(B)) of (b), the definition of a table renderer for a column isdeveloped. However, since the JSP source of (B) describes three tablerenderers (renderer specifying a column for ‘type’) for the columns (c),(d), and (e)), it is necessary to determine which table renderer is tobe developed for definition.

At this time, the framework engine obtains the value of a cell in eachcolumn in the first row of the table to be displayed, and invokes thegetColumnClass method of the table model interface from the model objectof (A). In these processes, the obtained value of the cell refers tocharacter string data containing tree pieces of data, that is, a ‘goodsname’, a ‘unit price’, and a ‘number’, and the return value for theinvoked method is a header for each of the three values.

The framework engine selects the definition of the table renderer of (d)in the JSP source of (B) based on the return value for the method, anddevelops the definition. As a result, the HTML sentence (in the third,fourth, and fifth rows of the HTML sentence of (C)) indicating thedisplay system in the first row of the table to be displayed isgenerated based on the contents of the definition (in the thirteenth rowof (B)) of the table renderer of (d). Since the definition of the tablerenderer of (d) contains a renderer element tag <uomf:value>, the valueof each cell obtained from the model object is inserted into thisportion.

Up to this point in the process, the above mentioned development of therenderer element tag <uomf:children> in the definition (in the seventhrow of (B)) of the table renderer of (b) is completed, and the sixth rowof the HTML sentence of (C) is generated based on the description(</tr>) of the definition subsequent to the tag, and the HTML sentencefor display in the first row of the table is completely generated.

Next, the generation of the HTML sentence for display in the second rowof the table is started, the definition of the table renderer about arow, that is, the table renderer of (b) in the JSP source of (B), isdeveloped again, and the seventh row of the HTML sentence of (C) isgenerated.

As in the above mentioned process, the definition of the table rendererof (b) is developed into the definition of the table renderer about acolumn of the renderer element tag <uomf:children>.

At this time, the framework engine obtains the value of a cell in eachcolumn in the second row of the table to be displayed, and invokes thegetColumnClass method of the table model interface from the model objectof (A). In these processes, the obtained value of the cell refers tocharacter string data containing tree pieces of data, that is,‘XV-5080’, ‘198,000’, and “(null), and the values for the first twocells are null data, and the value for the last cell is editable.

The framework engine develops the definition of the table renderer of(c) in the JSP source of (B) based on the return value of the method forthe first two cells. As a result, the HTML sentence (in the eighth andninth rows of the HTML sentence of (C)) indicating the display system atthe first column in the second row and the second column in the secondrow of the table to be displayed is generated based on the contents ofthe definition (in the tenth row of (B)) of the table renderer of (c).Since the definition of the table renderer of (c) contains a rendererelement tag <uomf:value>, the value of each cell obtained from the modelobject is inserted into this portion.

Furthermore, the framework engine develops the definition of the tablerenderer of (e) in the JSP source of (B) based on the return value ofthe method for the last cell. As a result, the HTML sentence (in thetenth row of the HTML sentence of (C)) indicating the display system atthe third column in the second row of the table to be displayed isgenerated based on the contents of the definition (in the sixteenth rowof (B)) of the table renderer of (e).

Up to this point in the process, the above mentioned development of therenderer element tag <uomf:children> in the definition (in the seventhrow of (B)) of the table renderer of (b) is completed, and the eleventhrow of the HTML sentence of (C) is generated based on the description(</tr>) of the definition subsequent to the tag, and the HTML sentencefor display in the second row of the table is completely generated.

The flow of generating the twelfth row through the sixteenth row of theHTML sentence of (C) (the HTML sentence for display of the third row ofthe table) is the same as the HTML sentence (from the seventh row to theeleventh row of the generated HTML sentence of (C)) for display of thesecond row of the above mentioned table.

Up to this point in the process, the above mentioned development of therenderer element tag <uomf:children> in the definition (in the fourthrow of (B)) of the table renderer of (a) is completed, and theseventeenth row of the HTML sentence of (C) is generated based on thedescription (</table>) of the definition subsequent to the tag, and theHTML sentence for display of the table of (C) is completely generated.

As described above, the generated HTML sentence is transmitted to theclient. Then, to easily specify which model object a requestcorresponding to the HTML sentence relates to when the request istransmitted from a client, an input tag (<input type=hidden>) of ahidden attribute, for which an input field may not be displayeddepending on the browser executed by the client, is transmitted afterbeing added to the generated HTML sentence. The input tag describes acharacter string indicating the type of model and a unique ID(identifier) for each view used in generating an HTML sentence. Thesecharacter string and ID are automatically contained in the request.

The flowcharts shown in FIGS. 30, 31, and 32 show the above mentionedprocess of the framework engine 3003 for a table model shown in FIG. 27generating a HTML sentence for display of a table for a client throughthe browser 3005. The process is referred to as a ‘process for display’.

The framework engine 3003 first reads the displaying JSP 3004, anddetects a view tag contained in the displaying JSP 3004. Then, eachrenderer contained in the view indicated by the view tag is classifiedbased on the ‘type’ and ‘cls’ specified by the renderer tag, and is thenregistered at a predetermined position in the memory buffer.Furthermore, when the registration is completed, the framework engine3003 starts the process according to the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 30,31, and 32 while obtaining data from the model object 3001 specified bythe view tag. The process up to this step is referred to as a ‘view taganalyzing process’.

FIG. 30 shows the entire flow of the control process for displayperformed by the framework engine 3003 for a table model.

When the process shown in FIG. 30 is started, the unique ID of a view isgenerated (S3101). The unique ID of a view is an ID unique for each viewof the displaying JSP 3004 used in generating an HTML sentence. Forexample, a combination of a common prefix (a part of ‘uji.model.’) suchas ‘uji.model.00001’ and a serial number (a part of ‘00001’) differentfor each process of generating an HTML sentence. The unique ID differentfor each view is used by a server to identify which model object areceived request relates to when a plurality of model objects aredisplayed on the client side and the server receives a request for eachof them. The client generates a request containing an ID corresponding amodel object.

Then, a renderer specifying a table for ‘type’ is obtained in therenderers registered in the buffer of the framework engine 3003 in theabove mentioned process (S3102).

Next, a renderer displaying process with a table set for a level and arow set for a child level (S3103). The renderer displaying process isshown in the flowchart in FIG. 31, and the details are described later.

An HTML sentence for display of a table is generated in the process inS3103. The framework engine 3003 generates an input tag of the abovementioned hidden attribute, and adds it to the HTML sentence (S3104).The generated input tag is, for example, described below.

<input type=hidden name=“uji.model” value=“uji.model.00001”>

<input type=hidden name=“uji.model.00001” value=“table”>

The ‘uji.model. 00001’ is an example of a unique ID of a view generatedas described above. The information is contained in the requestcorresponding to the HTML sentence by adding these input tags to theHTML sentence, and the correspondence between the request and the modelobject 3001 becomes clear.

Described below is the renderer displaying process performed in S3103shown in FIG. 30, and shown by the flowchart shown in FIG. 31.

In the subsequent description and drawings, the expression (for example,<children>) with the prefix ‘uomf:’ omitted can be used in addition tothe expression (for example, <uomf:children>) of a renderer element tagused as described above.

First, it is checked what is the level when the renderer displayingprocess is invoked, and it is determined whether or not there still isan element used in defining the display system in the rendererspecifying the level for ‘type’ (S3201). If the determination result isyes, the next element (renderer element) is obtained (S3202), andcontrol is passed to the process in S3203. If the determination resultis no, the renderer displaying process terminates, and control isreturned to the start of the process.

Then, it is determined what is the element obtained in the process inS3202 (S3203, S3206, S3208, and S3210).

As a result, if the obtained element is a view tag (yes as adetermination result in S3203), then the above mentioned view taganalyzing process is performed on the view tag (S3204), and then theabove mentioned process shown in FIG. 30 is performed on the view tag(S3205). After the completion of the process, control is returned to theprocess in S3201.

The processes in S3204 and S3205 are performed when a view is describedwhile another view is being described (the views are nested). Forexample, the processes are performed when a model exists in a cellcontaining a table model.

If the element obtained in the process in S3202 is a renderer elementtag of <children> (yes as a determination result in S3206), then it ischecked what is a child level when the renderer displaying process isinvoked, and the displaying process is performed on the child level(S3207). After the completion of the process, control is returned to theprocess in S3201. The displaying process when the child level is row isindicated by the flowchart shown in FIG. 32A, and the displaying processwhen the child level is column is indicated by the flowchart shown inFIG. 32B. These displaying processes are described later.

If the element obtained in the process in S3202 is a renderer elementtag of <name> (yes as a determination result in S3208), then a processof naming an element used in a subsequent request is performed (S3209).After this process, control is returned to the process in S3201.

Described below is a renderer element tag of <name>. The tag is used toallow a framework engine to generate a name according to a predeterminedrule.

According to the present embodiment, the name is generated according tothe rule shown in FIG. 33A. A model-unique position is represented by acharacter string uniquely indicating the position in a model. Forexample, if it indicates the third column in the second row in a tablemodel, a character string of, for example, ‘2_(—)3’ can be generated. Atthis time, if an example of generating a unique ID of the abovementioned view (“uji.model.00001”) is used as is, the name generatedcorresponding to the renderer element tag of <name> is shown in FIG.33B.

By assigning a name according to the above mentioned rule, a modelobject and the position in the model can be specified by the name.

FIG. 34 shows an example of a definition of a renderer using therenderer element tag of <name>. Described below is the definition shownin FIG. 34. A value obtained from a model object by <uomf:value/> isinserted into a cell which can be updated in a table, and is displayedfor a client. When the value of a cell is updated on the client side, arequest is transmitted. At this request, the name generated by<uomf:name/> is used as a reference name for reference of the value of acell after an updating process. Thus, since the table model engine canspecify a model object and the position in the model from the referencename according to the above mentioned naming rule, one request generatedby a client can contain plural pieces of update data, and furthermore,one request can contain plural pieces of update data about differentmodel objects.

When a renderer element tag of <uomf:name> is described in the abovementioned nested views, a combination of the name (for example, the nameshown in FIG. 33B) generated outside the nest as a prefix and a serialnumber, etc. to generate the above mentioned view-unique ID as in theexample shown in FIG. 33C, and a combination of the view-unique ID andthe model-unique position in the nested view can be generated as thename of the renderer element tag. According to this naming rule, theexistence of a nest and the view inheriting status can be recognized,and the model relating to the nest can be specified.

Described below is the process shown in FIG. 31.

If the element obtained in the determining process in S3202 is arenderer element tag of <value> (yes as a determination result inS3210), the value corresponding to the current position in the tablemodel is obtained from the model object (S3211), and then control isreturned to the process in S3201.

On the other hand, if the element obtained in the determining process inS3202 is different from any of the block diagram tags (no as thedetermination results in S3203, S3206, S3208, and S3210), then theobtained element is displayed in the generated HTML sentence as is(S3212), and then control is returned to the process in S3201.

Described above is a renderer displaying process.

Described below is the displaying process on a child level performed inS3207 of the above mentioned renderer displaying process. As describedabove, the displaying process when the child level is row is indicatedby the flowchart shown in FIG. 32A, and the displaying process when thechild level is column is indicated by the flowchart shown in FIG. 32B.

Described below is the flowchart shown in FIG. 32A.

First, the value of the variable row is set to 0, and the processes inS3302 through S3304 are repeated until the value of the variable rowexceeds the return value (that is, the number of rows in a table) of thegetRowCount( ) method (S3301).

Then, from the model object 3001, a row class (getRowClass( )) for therow expressed by the value of the variable row is obtained (S3302).

Next, from each renderer registered in a buffer of the framework engine3003, a renderer for which an obtained row class is specified for ‘cls’,and a row is specified for ‘type’ is obtained (S3303).

A renderer displaying process when a row is specified for level, and acolumn is specified as a child level is performed (S3304). The rendererprocess to be performed is described as shown in FIG. 31.

Then, the value obtained by adding 1 to the value of the variable row issubstituted for the variable row, and control is returned to S3301(S3305). If the value of the variable row has reached the abovementioned condition, the process terminates, and control is returned tothe start of the process.

Described below is the flowchart shown in FIG. 32B. This process isbasically the same as the above mentioned process shown in FIG. 32A.

First, the value of the variable column is set to 0, and the processesin S3402 through S3404 are repeated until the value of the variablecolumn exceeds the return value (that is, the number of columns in atable) of the getColumnCount( ) method (S3401).

Then, from the model object 3001, a row class (getColumnClass( )) forthe row expressed by the value of the variable row is obtained (S3402).

Next, from each renderer registered in a buffer of the framework engine3003, a renderer for which an obtained column class is specified for‘cls’, and a column is specified for ‘type’ is obtained (S3403).

A renderer displaying process when a column is specified for level, andnone (null) is specified as a child level is performed (S3404). Therenderer process to be performed is described as shown in FIG. 31.

Then, the value obtained by adding 1 to the value of the variable columnis substituted for the variable column, and control is returned to S3401(S3405). If the value of the variable column has reached the abovementioned condition, the process terminates, and control is returned tothe start of the process.

Described above is a displaying process.

After the displaying process is completed, the framework engine 3003refers to the description (the first row in the example shown in FIG.29B) indicating the correspondence between the JSP source of thedisplaying JSP 3004 and the model object 3001, and performs a storagearea managing process shown in FIG. 35. That is, it is determinedwhether or not true is set for a request (S3501). If the determinationresult is yes, then the contents of the model object 3001 stored in thestorage unit of the framework engine 3003 is still continued (S3502). Ifthe determination result is no, then the storage area of the modelobject 3001 in the storage unit of the framework engine 3003 is released(S3503).

Described below is the operation of updating the model object 3001 afterthe framework engine 3003 receives a request issued from the browser3005 in the system shown in FIG. 27. The operation is referred to as anoperation performed when a request is issued.

FIG. 36 shows the outline of the operation performed when a request inthe system shown in FIG. 27.

First, a client receives an HTML sentence which is generated by theframework engine 3003 and contains a normal (not a hiddenattribute)<input> tag, and the browser 3005 provided for the clientdisplays a table based on the HTML sentence. When the data correspondingto the <input> tag is input to the client, the browser 3005 transmitsthe request by the HTTP containing the data to the server side.

Upon receipt of the HTTP request, the front component 3006 issues anactivate instruction to the framework engine 3003, and passes therequest to the framework engine 3003.

The framework engine 3003 first determines to which model the receivedrequest relates. The determination is made using the information aboutthe type of model contained in the request by the effect of the <input>tag of the above mentioned hidden attribute. If it is determined thatthe request relates to a table model, an engine for a table model isselected and activated.

Then, the framework engine 3003 specifies the model object 3001 to forwhich the data contained in the request is substituted based on theunique ID of a view contained in the request by the effect of the<input> tag of the hidden attribute.

If the specified model object 3001 is stored in the storage area in theframework engine 3003, then the data contained in the request issubstituted for the stored object. If it is not stored, the model object3001 is newly generated and the data is substituted for the object.

To substitute the data for the model object 3001, the substitute data isconverted into an update method depending on the model, and an interfacemethod (for example, a setValueAt method to update the model interface3002 shown in FIG. 28) is invoked, thereby updating the model object3001.

FIGS. 37A and 37B are flowcharts of the contents of the above mentionedcontrol process performed when a request is issued.

FIG. 37A shows the entire flow of the control process, and FIG. 37Bshows the model updating process for a table model to be performedduring the control process.

As described above, the request containing the data input correspondingto the display based on the HTML sentence generated by the browser 3005of a client in the above mentioned displaying process indicates thereference name of the data according to the above mentioned naming rule.Upon receipt of a request, the framework engine 3003 retrieves allreference names contained in the request. Then, one of the retrievedreference names is substituted for the variable key (S3601).

Then, it is determined whether or not the value of the variable keyindicates the model to be processed by the framework engine 3003(S3602). If the determination result is yes, it is determined whether ornot the model object 3001 corresponding to the variable key is stored inthe storage unit of the framework engine 3003 (S3603).

If the determination result of the S3603 is yes, the model object 3001stored in the storage unit is obtained (S3604). If the determinationresult of the S3603 is no, the model object 3001 is newly generated(S3605). Then, the model updating process is performed on the modelobject 3001 (S3606).

After completing the model updating process, or if the determinationresult of S3602 is no, another reference name retrieved from the requestis set in the variable key, and the process is repeated until the abovementioned processes from S3602 through S3606 have completely beenperformed on all reference names (S3607).

Described below is the model updating process for a table modelperformed in S3606 shown in FIG. 37B.

First, the value of the variable key (that is, the reference name of theupdate data contained in a request) is analyzed, and the position of therow and the column on the table model is obtained from the abovementioned model-unique position forming the name (S3701).

Then, the setValueAt( ) method of the model object 3001 is invoked, andthe obtained position of the row and the column of the table model, andthe value of the update data referenced by the reference name are passedto the method, thereby updating the model object 3001 (S3702) andreturning control to the process shown in FIG. 37A.

The above mentioned processes are performed by the framework engine 3003to update the model object 3001 at the request issued by the browser3005.

FIG. 38 shows an example of a client server system according to thethird embodiment of the present invention.

A server 3010 comprises a model frame work processing unit 3011, a Webserver unit 3012, and a back end 3013.

The model frame work processing unit 3011 performs the functioncorresponding to the framework engine 3003 shown in FIG. 27.

The Web server unit 3012 performs the function of transmitting the HTMLsentence generated by the model frame work processing unit 3011 toclients (3020 a, 3020 b, 3020 c, . . . ), and the function correspondingto the front component 3006 accepting a request from the clients (3020a, 3020 b, 3020 c, . . . ) and passing it to the model frame workprocessing unit 3011.

The back end 3013 manipulates the data accumulated in a database 3014,and transmits and receives the data to and from the model frame workprocessing unit 3011 using the model object 3001.

The clients (3020 a, 3020 b, 3020 c, . . . ) are provided with thebrowser 3005, display the screen based on the HTML sentence transmittedfrom the server 3010, generates a request corresponding the input to theinput form contained on the display screen, and transmits the request tothe server 3010.

Described below is a further embodiment of the present invention.

In the embodiment describe below, a process script, which is a logic,can be used when a Web application is developed without making thedescription invoking the definition of the process script directly inthe module defining the view of the screen. Thus, the logic representedby the definition of the process script can be used as parts. Therefore,the logic can be separated from the screen definition. As a result, thereusability of the logic can be enhanced, thereby improving theefficiency of the development of a Web application.

The above mentioned embodiment is referred to as the fourth embodimentto distinguish it from the above mentioned other embodiments.

First, the process shown in FIG. 39 is described. FIG. 39 shows a scriptgenerated according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention,and shows that an HTML sentence containing the script indicated in (B)is generated by performing a contents converting process on thedescription indicated in (A).

The contents of the description of (A) and (B) shown in FIG. 39 indicatethat the process script for display of a warning screen notifying that aclicking operation has been performed depending on the clickingoperation performed on inputting form parts is performed. For easierexplanation, each row in (A) and (B) shown in FIG. 39 starts with a rownumber.

In the conventional Web application developing method, to allow thebrowser to perform the block diagram process, it is necessary todirectly describe the HTML sentence as shown in (B) in FIG. 39, that is,the property as the condition of invoking the script portion(description in the eighth row of (B) shown in FIG. 39), and thedefinition of the operation of the process script itself (description inthe first through sixth rows of (B) shown in FIG. 39, and also todescribe the name (action123( ) in the example of (B) shown in FIG. 39)of the process script in both of them to indicate the relationshipbetween them. Therefore, although it is necessary to amend any of themfor any reason, it is necessary to check both of them whether or not theamendment to one of them has an influence on the other, thereby causingthe problem in maintenance. Therefore, the definition of the operationof a process script and the portion of invoking the process script aredescribed on the same component, thereby lowering the reusability of thedefinition of the operation of the process script.

On the other hand, according to the fourth embodiment, a description ismade using various tags as shown in (A) in FIG. 39, and the contentsconverting process is performed on the described sentence toautomatically generate an HTML sentence containing the script shown in(B). In (A) shown in FIG. 39, the name is not specified in the processscript, or the property indicating the condition of activating theprocess script' (description starting with the ‘onclick=’ in the eighthrow of (B) and specifying the name of the process script) is notdescribed.

Described below is the concept necessary for understanding thedescription shown in FIG. 39(A).

FIG. 40 shows the configuration of the object used in the fourthembodiment of the present invention.

A component (ScriptComponent) object 4001 is an object which is ageneration source of an event for an object displayed on the screen by abrowser, and an <input> tag (ValidInputTag object 4011) in the exampleshown in (A) in FIG. 39 is referred to as a component tag. A componenttag contains an action tag, and an event, which is the contents of theproperty described in the action tag, for invoking a process script isspecified.

A container (ScriptContainer) object 4002 is an object for management ofthe component object 4001 and output of a process script contained in anaction object 4003, and a <form> tag (ValidFormTag object 4012) in theexample in (A) shown in FIG. 39 is referred to as a container tag. Thecontainer object 4002 inherits the component object 4001, and can be ageneration source of an event.

The action (ScriptAction) object 4003 is an object in which a process,which is a logic, is defined by a script, and the <action> tag in theexample in (A) shown in FIG. 39 is referred to as an action tag. Anaction tag can be either a custom action tag (CustomActiontag object4013 a) and a my action tag (MyActiontag object 4013 b). The details aredescribed later.

A script caller object (ScriptCaller) 4004 is an object for determiningthe method of invoking each process script performed when a processscript is individually invoked depending on the generation of an event,and the method of interpreting the return value.

Then, the process shown in FIG. 41 is described below. FIG. 41 shows theoutline of the contents converting process. The conversion of thedescription sentence shown in (A) in FIG. 39 is described by referringto FIG. 41.

The contents of the description of the <form> tag which is a containerobject 4102 described in the first row of (A) are stored in the storageunit of the processing device for operating the contents convertingdevice, and the contents of the description of the <input> tag which isa component object 4101 described in the second row are similarlystored.

In the third row, an <action> tag which is an action object 4103 isdescribed.

In the <action> tag, an event property is necessarily specified. Byspecifying the property, it is indicated on what event generated in whatcomponent the script described between the <action> tag and thecorresponding end tag is performed. In the example in (A), it isindicated that the event of ‘clicking operation’ generated by the<input> tag in the second row directly including the <action> tag is tobe processed.

In the <input> tag in the second row which is the component object 4101,the <action> tag is registered as the action object 4103 of the <input>((a) shown in FIG. 41).

The script (‘alert(‘clicked!’)’) described between the <action> tag inthe third row and the end tag of the <action> tag in the fifth row (thatis, only in the fourth row) is stored as a script performed in the<action> tag which is the action object 4103.

Then, an end tag corresponding to the <input> tag in the second row isdescribed in the sixth row. Then, the generation (that is, the eighthrow shown in (B) in FIG. 39) of the <input> tag is started ((b) shown inFIG. 41), and the stored contents (that is, ‘input name=‘field1” in thefirst row of (A) shown in FIG. 39) about the <input> tag are output.

Then, an output notification is issued to the <action> tag which is theaction object 4103 previously registered in the <input> tag ((b) shownin FIG. 41).

When the <action> tag receives the output notification, the contentsspecified about the above mentioned property are transmitted to thecomponent object 4101, and is added to the <input> tag being generated((d) shown in FIG. 41). In the example shown in (A) in FIG. 39, theevent property is specified as ‘click’. Therefore, ‘onclick=’ is set tobe output to the <input> tag. Up to this step of the process, theprocess of generating the <input> tag by the component object 4101 isalmost completed.

Furthermore, the <action> tag which is the action object 4103 holdingthe above mentioned script is registered in the <form> tag which is thecontainer object 4102 ((e) shown in FIG. 41).

Finally, the end tag corresponding to the <form> tag in the first row isdescribed in the seventh row in (A) shown in FIG. 39. At this time, thegeneration of the <form> tag which is the container object 4102 isstarted ((f) shown in FIG. 41), and the first row of (B) shown in FIG.39 is output.

Then, the generation of the portion invoking the script is indicated bya script caller object 4104 ((g) shown in 41). In this process, the name(action123(target)) of the process script is automatically generated,the second and fifth rows of (B) shown in FIG. 39 are output, and thefourth row in which the return value of the script is output.Furthermore, the name of the process script is output to the <input> tagin the eighth row which is the component object 4101 which is the callerof the process script.

Finally, the above mentioned script is indicated by the <action> tagwhich is the action object 4103 previously registered in the <form> tag((h) shown in FIG. 41) is output as the third row of (B) shown in FIG.39. Afterwards, the sixth, seventh, and ninth rows in (B) shown in FIG.39 are output by the <form> tag which is the container object 4102, andthe generation of the HTML sentence in (B) shown in FIG. 39 iscompleted.

FIGS. 42 and 43 are flowcharts of the above mentioned contentsconverting process. Described below are the flowcharts.

First, in FIG. 42, when the process starts, the description sentence asshown in (A) in FIG. 39 is read from the start of the row.

It is determined whether or not an action tag is described in the readrow (S4201). If there is no action tag (No as the determination resultin S4201), the contents of the tag described in this row are stored inthe storage unit (S4202), then control is returned to the process inS4201, and the determining process is repeated on the row subsequent tothis row.

On the other hand, if an action tag is described in the read row (yes asthe determination result in S4201), then the action tag is registered inthe component tag containing the action tag (S4203), and the processscript described between the start tag and the end tag of the action tagis stored in the storage unit (S4204).

Next, the row subsequent to the row in which the end tag of the actiontag is described is read, and it is determined whether or not the endtag of the component tag is described in this row (S4205). As a result,if the end tag of the component tag is not described in this row (no asthe determination result of S4205), control is returned to the processin S4201, and the determining process on this row is repeated.

If the end tag of the component tag is described in this row (yes as thedetermination result of S4205), then the generation of the component tagis started, the contents of the description stored in the storage unitabout the component tag are output (S4206), and the property of theaction tag registered in the component tag is added (S4207).

Then, control is passed to the process shown in FIG. 43, the contents ofthe property of the added action tag are checked, and it is determinedwhether or not the event specified by the property is supported by thecomponent (S4208). As a result, if the specified event is not supportedby the component (no as the determination result in S4208), an errornotification indicating that an error exists in the original descriptionsentence as a process result of the contents converting process isoutput (S4209), thereby terminating the process.

On the other hand, if the specified event is supported by the component(yes as the determination result in S4208), the generation of acomponent tag is completed (S4210), and the generated component tag istemporarily stored in the storage unit. Furthermore, the action tagregistered in the component tag is registered in the container tag.

Then, the row subsequent to the row in which the end tag of thecomponent tag is described is read, and it is determined whether or notthe end tag of the container tag is describe (S4212). As a result, ifthe end tag of the container tag is not described in this row (no as adetermination result of S4212), then control is returned to the processin S4201 (shown in FIG. 42), and the determining process is repeated onthis row.

On the other hand, if the end tag of the container tag is described inthis row (yes as the determination result of S4212), then the outputabout the container tag is output, and the contents of the descriptionstored in the storage unit about the container tag are output (S4213).

Then, the name of the process script is automatically generated andoutput by the script caller object (S4214). Furthermore, the componenttag is associated with the process script by describing the name in thetemporarily stored component tag.

Afterwards, the process script described as being associated with theaction tag registered in the container tag, and stored in advance in thestorage unit is output (S4215), and finally the <script> tag is output,the end tag of the container tag is output, thereby completing thegeneration of the container tag (S4216).

In the above mentioned processes, the HTML sentence as shown in (B) inFIG. 39 is generated from the description sentence as shown in (A) inFIG. 39.

The contents converting process can be performed by a process engineindividually provided by a server, but also can be performed by aframework engine in parallel with the above mentioned displayingprocess. At this time, the JSP source to be converted in the contentsconverting process is described as an element of a renderer in a view inwhich the view of a screen is defined to display a model.

Described below is an application according to the fourth embodiment ofthe present invention.

In FIG. 39, the script for definition of a process is described in thefourth row of the description sentence (A). However, in the methoddescribed below, a process script represented as parts is used withoutdescribing it in the description sentence (A).

FIG. 44 shows an example of describing a script when a process script isindependently prepared.

In the description sentence shown in (A) in FIG. 39, all tags areassigned sf: as a prefix. However, in the description sentence shown in(A) in FIG. 44, my: is added as a prefix to the action tag <action>. Thetag <action> is referred to as a my action tag. When the tag is detectedin the contents converting process, a process script prepared in advanceis set to be output in the process in S4215 (FIG. 43). On the otherhand, the action tag assigned the above mentioned sf: as a prefix isspecifically referred to as a custom action tag.

FIG. 45 shows an example of a definition of a process script forchecking the smallest number of characters in a character string, whichis a script corresponding to the my action tag described in (A) in FIG.44. In the example of the definition shown in FIG. 45, setMinLength( )for reception of the MinLength property specified in the my action tagis defined, and in the outputFunctionBody method, it is indicated to theoutput object Writer that a process script embedding the contents of theabove mentioned property is to be output.

When the contents converting process shown in FIGS. 42 and 43 isperformed, the process script as shown in FIG. 45 is stored in thestorage unit in the process in S4204 shown in FIG. 42, and a result ofsubstituting the value for the variable min is output when the processscript is output in the subsequent process in S4215 shown in FIG. 43. Asa result, the HTML sentence shown in (B) in FIG. 44 is generated fromthe description sentence of (A) shown in FIG. 44.

Described below is the process shown in FIG. 46. FIG. 46 shows anexample of a description of a script when a plurality of actionscorrespond to the same event.

In the description sentence of (A) shown in FIG. 46, the <input> tagshown in the second row contains the two action tags in the third andthe sixth rows. In this case, in the contents converting process shownin FIGS. 42 and 43, the processes in S4201 through S4205 are performedtwice by the operation of the determining process in S4205 shown in FIG.42. As a result, the two action tags are registered in the <input> tag,and a process script about each action tag is stored.

Then, when a property is added to the <input> tag from the two actiontags in the process in S4207 shown in FIG. 42, it is recognized in thecontents converting process that the contents of the ‘event’ specifiedin the two action tags are the same.

Based on the recognition result, the name of the process script isautomatically generated, and simultaneously the process script forsequentially performing the two process scripts shown in the secondthrough eighth rows (portion (a)) of (B) shown in FIG. 46 isautomatically generated by the script caller object 4104 in the processin S4214 shown in FIG. 43 in the contents converting process. By theprocess script automatically generating process performed by the scriptcaller object, the correspondence between the same event and theplurality of process scripts can be established.

Then, in S4215, the data in the ninth through twelfth rows (portion (b))and in the thirteenth through nineteenth rows (portion (c)) of (B) shownin FIG. 46 is output.

Described below is the process shown in FIG. 47. FIG. 47 shows anexample of a description of a script when an event occurs by a containertag.

In (A) shown in FIG. 47, in the description of the action tag in thesixth row, an event property is specified in ““form.submit””. Thedescription indicates that the name property is an action tag for thecontainer tag specified in the “form”.

For the container tag for which the above mentioned property isspecified, an action tag is registered in the process in S4203 shown inFIG. 42 on the container tag instead of the component tag in thecontents converting process shown in FIGS. 42 and 43. Furthermore, whenthe contents of the description about the container tag in the processin S4213 shown in FIG. 43 are output, the process performed on thecomponent tag in S4207 through S4210 is to be performed on the containertag. Thus, the fourteenth row of (B) (portion (a)) shown in FIG. 47 isgenerated, thereby executing the script on the event generated by thecontainer tag.

FIG. 48 shows the configurations of each process engine of a server anda client used in the system according to each of the above mentionedembodiments of the present invention. Each of them comprises a CPU 5001,a storage unit 5002, an input unit 5003, an output unit 5004, and an I/Funit 5005, which are interconnected through a bus 5006.

The function of each component is described below. The CPU (centralprocessing unit) 5001 controls each component by executing a controlprogram.

The storage unit 5002 is provided with ROM (read-only memory), RAM(random access memory), a magnetic storage device, etc., stores acontrol program for control of each component by the CPU 5001, and isused as a work area when the CPU 5001 executes the control program or astorage area of various data.

The input unit 5003 includes a mouse, a keyboard, etc., and obtainsvarious data corresponding to the operations of a user.

The output unit 5004 includes a display, etc., and shows various data toa user.

The I/F unit 5005 provides an interface function for connection to anetwork, and enables data to be communicated with other appliancesthrough a network.

The configuration shown in FIG. 48 is the same as the configuration of acommon computer. Therefore, it is obvious that the present invention canalso be operated by a common computer.

FIG. 49 shows the method of providing various software programs executedby an information processing device such as a computer, etc. relating tothe present invention. Programs, etc. can be provided in any of thefollowing three methods (a) through (c).

(a) A program is provided after being installed in an informationprocessing device 5301 such as a computer, etc. In this case, theprogram, etc. is pre-installed before delivery.

(b) A program is provided after being stored in a portable storagemedium 5302. In this case, the program, etc. stored in the portablestorage medium 5302 is installed in an external storage device of theinformation processing device 5301 of the computer, etc. An example ofthe portable storage medium 5302 can be a floppy disk, CD-ROM, anoptical magnetic disk, DVD-ROM, etc.

(c)A program is provided by a program providing server 5304 in a network5303. In this case, basically, the information processing device 5301such as a computer, etc. obtains the program, etc. by downloading aprogram, etc. stored in the program providing server 5304. In this case,a transmission signal obtained by modulating a carrier using a datasignal representing a system program is transmitted from the programproviding server 5304 through the network 5303 which is a transmissionmedium, and the information processing device 5301 demodulates thereceived transmission signal to regenerate the software program, therebysuccessfully executing the software program.

As described above in detail, according to the present invention, thecooperation among the HTML prescribing the screen display, a dataobject, and a logic prescribing the contents of a process becomes loosein a Web application system, thereby enhancing the reusability of eachmodule and improving the development efficiency and maintenance. Inaddition, by performing a process with the process in the serverdispatched from a larger scope to a smaller scope, a thread safeoperation can be realized, a preprocessor and a postprocessor can beadded to a process in each scope, and determination can be made before aprocess or an error process can be flexibly performed.

1. A Web system in which a server processes a request from a client, andreturns a response to the client, comprising: a request conversion unitconverting the request into a data object; a processing unit processingthe request converted into the data object; and a response conversionunit converting the data object obtained as a result of the process. 2.A Web system in which a server processes a request from a client, andreturns a response to the client, comprising: an object processed by theserver at the request, and attribute-defined for any of a plurality oftime scopes stepwise defined based on correspondence in relative lengthon a time axis of a processing time of the object; and an objectexecution unit dispatching and executing objects from an objectattribute-defined as having a scope of a relatively long processing timeto an object attribute-defined as having a scope of a relatively shortprocessing time.
 3. The system according to claim 2, wherein each ofsaid objects is attribute-defined for any of four types of time scopes.4. A Web system in which a server processes a request from a client, andreturns a response to the client, said server comprising: an executionunit executing a process routine invoked at the request; and a monitorunit monitoring an operation of a process performed by the processroutine, receiving an inquiry addressed to the client generated by theexecution of the process routine by said execution unit, issuing theinquiry to the client for said execution unit, receiving an answer ofthe client to the inquiry, and returning the answer to the executionunit; wherein said execution unit maintains executing a same processroutine during a period from issue of the inquiry to reception of theanswer.